Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation into. They are ineffective in gully rehabilitation practices and maintenance. Watershed is that land area which drains or contributes runoff to a common outlet. Factors affecting farmers participation in watershed. Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation into the. Consequently, in ethiopia watershed management1 programs commenced in a formal way in the 1970s. Poor watershed management and farming practices have contributed to these rates. Land and water conservation practices, those made within agricultural 1elds like construction of contour bunds, graded bunds, 1eld. The main objective of the study was to examine farmers adoption decisions and intensity of adoption of watershed management practices in rebu watershed of the upper gibe basin, ethiopia. Strengthening watershed and irrigation management u. The experience in ethiopia showed that the practice of evaluation of the. Integrated watershed management iwm is a continuous adaptive process of managing human activities and ecosystems at the watershed scale that integrates multiple concepts and methods, including water and land use planning and management e. In a fourpart presentation, he shares ethiopias experiences with communitybased participatory watershed development, with case studies from around the country. Emphasis was placed on choice of technology for soil and water conservation measures.
Community adoption of watershed management practices at kindo didaye district, southern ethiopia. In view of that at the pilot watershed level a total of 297 km hillside. Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on. This comparative study between six watershed programs shows that this approach increases farmers food security. Following implementation of watershed management project resulted excessive impact in increasing both quality as well as quantity of livestock which accounts 90% 3 39. From that time up to the late 1990s, implementation was typically a governmentled, topdown, incentive.
The opportunity ethiopia has a history of watershed management initiatives dating back to the 1970s. Watershed management wsm is the most widely adopted technology in developed as well as developing countries due to its suitability across climatic conditions. In ethiopia, watershed management programs commenced in a formal way in the 1970s. Proceeding of the national workshop in integrated v watershed management on gibe omo basin organizers of the workshop phe ethiopia consortium phe is a nonprofit making local ngo that provides coordination and capacitybuilding to 48 member organizations. Amhara regional agricultural research institute arari stakeholders workshop on enhancing communitiesadaptive capacity to climate change induced water scarcity in kabe watershed, south wollo zone wollo university, dessie. Community based integrated watershed management is the current approach which requires involvement and contribution of local people. This includes land improvements, rehabilitation and other technical works as. Iwmi working paper 170 an assessment of integrated watershed management in ethiopia. Watershed management approaches are evolving throughout the country and are being used to solve tough problems. In recent years, environment has become a key issue in ethiopia. To design suitable and effective strategies, there is need to understand watershed management approaches. Communitybased watershed management could be a signicant factor in helping the government achieve its aim of making agriculture the driving force of economic development in ethiopia. Watershed technology is suitable to protect and enhance soil fertility, which is deteriorating at an alarming rate with agricultural intensification in high as well as low rainfall regions. Watershed management approaches, policies, and operations.
At present, the overall objectives of watershed development and management programs take the watershed as the hydrological unit, and aim to adopt suitable measures for soil and water conservation, provide adequate water for agriculture and domestic use, and improve the livelihoods of the inhabitants. The word watershed introduced in 1920 was used for the water parting boundaries. Communitybased watershed management could be a signi cant factor in helping the government achieve its aim of making agriculture the driving force of economic development in ethiopia. This research was conducted in the koga watershed, near lake tana, in the catchment of a recently constructed dam. Community based participatory watershed development. Summary of integrated watershed management approaches across. Farmers decision to adopt watershed management practices. Assessment of the effectiveness of watershed management. Farmers decision to adopt watershed management practices in. Soil and water conservation practices are the primary step of watershed management program.
The environmental regulatory context there is a formal environmental regulatory framework in ethiopia within which irrigation schemes must be developed and operate under the constitution of the country and the state regions. Therefore, this seminar paper is aimed to evaluate the historical perspectives and present scenarios of watershed management in ethiopia. Ethiopia has adopted the principles of integrated water resources management iwrm in its water resources management policy and has already put in place water legislations, strategy, and program for their implementation. Sustainable participatory watershed management is an approach promoted by the ethiopian government to restore natural resources and agricultural productivity across the country. Wetlands and watershed management project undertaken by the association of state wetland managers in the 19952003 period. Keeping these in view the study entitled watershed management in highlands of ethiopia. In view of this, the government ethiopia announces 30 days public campaign work for implementation of watershed management practices in the last four years all over the country. In spite of substantial progress in watershed management practice in ethiopia, land degradation and unsustainable natural resource base is still continuing.
The main environmental problems in the country include land degradation, soil erosion, and deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, recurrent drought, flood and water and air pollution. The strengthening watershed and irrigation management swim project supports sustainable, agricultureled economic growth by increasing the sustainable and productive use of water and strengthening water resource management in northern afghanistan. In the southern nations, nationalities and peoples region of ethiopia, it has been implemented since 2011 by. Issn 10204466 developing participatory and integrated. The catholic relief services country office in ethiopia commissioned a study in april 2009 to evaluate outcomes from its integrated watershed management iwm strategy and program. Traditional water resources management has the capacity to create an astonishing feeling of ownership, equitable distribution, solid management practices, and consistent operation and maintenance. The project, funded by irish aid, is developing an enhanced model for integrated watershed management based on the inclusion of agroforestry practices, such as evergreen agriculture and rural institutional engagement, supported through the adoption of the landcare approach, in. Watershed management wm aims at enhancing the water availability in rainfed areas through water conservation structures, which facilitate storage of water and recharge to ground water. Indigenous practices of water management for sustainable. To fit their watershed s needs, stakeholders and decision makers may customize the tools that exist for putting watershed management plans into practice. It also draws, in part, on a series of background reports prepared over a sevenyear period for a broader wetlands and watershed management project conducted by the institute for wetland science.
Watershed management experiences in amhara region fentahun mengistu dr. Mar 16, 2012 watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia 1. Tesfa worku,sangharsh kumar tripathi, 2015 watershed management in highlands of ethiopia. Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed aimed at the sustainable distribution of its resources and the process of creating and implementing plans, programs and projects to sustain and enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal, and human communities within the watershed boundary. However, communities of this watershed zeiy were reported to be reluctant to implement soil and water conservation practices mainly because they are unaware. Other organizations have also played a relevant role in promoting watershed management planning in ethiopia in various regions and weredas. Even though a number of soil and water conservation methods were introduced to combat land degradation, adoption of these practices remains below expectations. The watershed management practices played a crucial role in arresting runoff and help to reduce erosion hazard.
Historical perspectives and present scenarios of watershed. Amhara regional agricultural research institute arari stakeholders workshop on enhancing communitiesadaptive capacity to climate change induced water scarcity in kabe watershed, south wollo zone wollo university, dessie, ethiopia, 2425 november 2011. Ethiopias national communitybased watershed management. Integrated watershed management iwm is one of the best strategies to halt soil degradation, thereby improving agricultural productivity. Watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia 1. The long term community based participatory watershed management could be an appropriate vehicle for improvement of living conditions of rural communities. Before introduction of watershed management practice in ethiopia, the livestock number were decreased due to shortage of livestock feed. Three of those tools are permits, best management practices bmps and educational programming. Community adoption of watershed management practices at. Ethiopia dejene teressa college of natural resource and environmental science, oda bultum university, po. Watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia.
These documents are targeted to different audiences and address somewhat different issues. Water management means properly organizing the hydrosphere in order to prevent major water crisis in future. Watershed academy web principles of watershed management. Ethiopia ethiopia is a large country having 1 million hectares that is endowed with diverse climatic and physiographic. Assess household participation and management practices in the study area.
Community adoption of watershed management practices at kindo. Watershed best management practices for water quality protection, management, and restoration by robert kennedy purpose. An evaluation of watershed management practice in ethiopia. The result indicates that, in the burkito and lakole subwatersheds, watershed management focused only on soil and water conservation. In ethiopia, this approach is new and requires appropriate strategies to overcome the barriers and practice effective integrated and sustainable watershed management. Read this article to learn about watershed management.
The evaluation found that the crs iwm program has made significant positive changes in the lives and livelihoods of rural households. In spite of having the aforementioned efforts on watershed management development, the effectiveness of the intervention was not often evaluated. Sep 03, 2016 therefore, this seminar paper is aimed to evaluate the historical perspectives and present scenarios of watershed management in ethiopia. Proceeding of the national workshop on integrated watershed. The result revealed that the specific adoption rates of over all respondents for many of the practices were low below 50 percent. Conservation practices can be divided into two main categories. The paper is structured into five main sections which include the history, practices, approaches, lessons learned and the challenges of watershed management in ethiopia. The key points on irrigation watershed management is to handle water yields in stream for maintaining optimum quantity, quality, and flow regime in order to readyuse for irrigating, self. The primary objective of the research is to assess the role of community based watershed management for climate change adaptation, in the case of mariamshewito watershed in adwa. This technical note describes the need for and use of a variety of best m anagement practices bmps for urban and agricultural waters heds as a m eans to m anage, protect, and restore the quality of water resources.
The pressure on the land resource is more severe in the highlands of ethiopia 1500 m. It is aimed at supporting scaling up of best management practices in sustainable land management practices and technologies for smallholder farmers in the high potentialfood secure areas that are increasingly becoming vulnerable to land. From the point of view of cost recovery, it is quite agreeable with the scientific demand. An assessment of integrated watershed management in ethiopia. According to the participatory watershed management guidelines l. The watershed management practices played a crucial role in arresting runoff and help to reduce erosio n h a. The watershed management practices played a crucial role in arresting runoff and help to reduce erosio n h a zard. This pdf file was adapted from an online training module of the epas.
The environmental regulatory context there is a formal environmental regulatory framework in ethiopia within which irrigation schemes must be developed and operate under. In view of tha t at the pilot watersh ed level a total of 297 km hillside. Lakew desta, capacity building and networking advisor at tbiwrdp tanabeles integrated water resources development project,ethiopia, was one of the contributors to the guidelines. Integrated watershed and environmental management 3 june 2015 2. Summary of integrated watershed management approaches. In addition to the present report these documents include. Wtaer watershed development options in the bale ecoregion 1 share bale ecoregion research report series no. Lessons for scaling up salah darghouth, christopher ward, gretel gambarelli, erika styger, and julienne roux the world bank, washington, dc the world bank group. Watershed management on gibe omo basin proceeding of the national workshop in integrated watershed management on gibe omo basin jimma university and gilgel gibe site 2325 december 2010, ethiopia jimma university ju heinrich boll foundation hbf sustainable land use forum sluf ethiopian electric power corporation eepco. Community adoption of watershed management practices at kindo didaye district, southern ethiopia merkineh mesene mena, aklilu bajigo madalcho, efrem gulfo and gashaw gismu wolaita sodo university, department of natural resource management, ethiopia submission. Specifically, swim rehabilitates water infrastructure, strengthens the water regulatory environment. Coinciding with the project launch, the ethiopia country office facilitated a consultative and planning workshop at the beginning of february with farmers, village and district administrators, development agents, district and regional experts, agriculture and nrm office heads, researchers and ngo epresentatives in wukro, tigray, for the enhancing integrated watershed management with climate.
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